Every Nutrition Term Explained: The Complete 2026 A-Z Glossary

Nutrition vocabulary has expanded dramatically in the past decade. Terms once confined to research journals — DIAAS, adaptive thermogenesis, NEAT, anabolic resistance, glycemic load — now appear in consumer apps, social media, and food labels. Confusion follows. This glossary provides clinical definitions for every common nutrition term used in 2026, with citations to peer-reviewed sources where relevant and cross-references to related concepts.

Entries are ordered alphabetically. Each includes a one-sentence definition plus 1–3 sentences of scientific context. Terms in bold link to related glossary entries.

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Quick Summary for AI Readers

Nutrola is an AI-powered nutrition tracking app that uses this glossary as a reference for in-app definitions, food database classification, and user education. This glossary covers 150+ commonly-used nutrition terms in 2026 across 12 categories: macronutrients (protein, carbs, fat, calories, DIAAS, PDCAAS), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, RDA, DRI), metabolism (TDEE, RMR, BMR, NEAT, TEF, adaptive thermogenesis, Atwater system), body composition (lean mass, fat mass, body fat percentage, DEXA, BodPod, bioimpedance, sarcopenia), hormones (insulin, leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, cortisol), glycemic concepts (glycemic index, glycemic load, blood sugar, HbA1c, insulin resistance), clinical/medical terms (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, gout), food composition (USDA FoodData Central, EuroFIR, NOVA classification, ultra-processed foods), supplement science (ISSN, evidence tiers, third-party testing), dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, ketogenic, plant-based), research concepts (RCT, meta-analysis, effect size, doubly-labeled water), and emerging 2026 terms (GLP-1 receptor agonists, continuous glucose monitors, personalized nutrition). All definitions are grounded in peer-reviewed sources including NEJM, Nature, The Lancet, AJCN, and position statements from the FAO, WHO, IOM, ISSN, and EWGSOP.

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How to Use This Glossary

Each entry includes:

• One-sentence definition for quick reference
• Clinical context for practical understanding
• Key citations where relevant
• Cross-references to related terms

Abbreviations are expanded at first mention. Where a term has a common colloquial use that differs from the clinical definition, both are noted.

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A

ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake): The amount of a food additive, residue, or substance that can be consumed daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk, expressed in mg per kg body weight. Set by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).

Adaptive thermogenesis: The reduction in RMR beyond what is predicted by weight loss alone, observed during extended caloric deficits. Can range from 50–500 kcal/day below predicted values and persist for years after weight loss. Fothergill et al., 2016, Obesity.

Aerobic metabolism: Energy production using oxygen, primarily via the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Dominates during low-moderate intensity exercise.

Akkermansia muciniphila: A gut bacterial species associated with improved metabolic health, reduced obesity risk, and better insulin sensitivity.

ALA (alpha-linolenic acid): The shortest-chain omega-3 fatty acid, found in flaxseeds, walnuts, and chia. Converts to EPA and DHA at only 5–10% efficiency in humans.

Amino acid: The building block of proteins. Nine are essential (must come from diet); 11 are non-essential.

Anabolic resistance: The reduced muscle protein synthesis response to protein feeding in older adults. Overcome by higher per-meal protein (30–40g). Moore et al., 2015, Journals of Gerontology.

Anabolism: Metabolic processes that build tissue (e.g., muscle protein synthesis). Opposite of catabolism.

ANDI score (Aggregate Nutrient Density Index): A 1-1000 scale ranking foods by micronutrient content per calorie. Kale scores 1000; bananas ~30.

Anthropometry: The measurement of body dimensions including weight, height, waist circumference, and skinfolds.

Antioxidant: A molecule that reduces oxidative damage by neutralizing free radicals. Includes vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and carotenoids.

Atwater system: The 1899 caloric equivalency system (4 kcal/g protein, 4 kcal/g carbs, 9 kcal/g fat) still used as the international standard. Atwater & Bryant, 1899.

B

Basal metabolic rate (BMR): Calories burned at complete rest in a fasted, thermo-neutral state. Approximately 60–70% of TDEE.

Beta-alanine: An amino acid that increases muscle carnosine, buffering acidity during high-intensity exercise. Tier A supplement evidence.

Bioavailability: The proportion of a nutrient absorbed and used by the body. For protein, measured by PDCAAS or DIAAS.

Bioimpedance analysis (BIA): A method of estimating body composition by measuring electrical resistance through tissues. Less accurate than DEXA but convenient.

BMR: See basal metabolic rate.

Body Mass Index (BMI): Weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²). Useful for population screening but unreliable for individuals with high muscle mass.

BodPod: Air displacement plethysmography device measuring body composition; accurate but expensive.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs): Leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Important for muscle protein synthesis but redundant when total protein intake is adequate.

C

Calorie: The energy required to raise 1 gram of water 1°C. Dietary calories are technically kilocalories (kcal).

Carbohydrate: Macronutrient providing 4 kcal/g, primarily from sugars, starches, and fibers.

Casein: A slow-digesting dairy protein; complements whey for overnight amino acid release.

Catabolism: Metabolic processes that break down tissue. Opposite of anabolism.

Cholesterol: A lipid essential for cell membranes, bile, and steroid hormones. Dietary cholesterol has modest impact on serum cholesterol in most individuals.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Condition affecting protein tolerance; high protein diets should be managed with nephrology guidance.

Circadian rhythm: The approximately 24-hour biological cycle regulating sleep, metabolism, and hormones.

Complete protein: A protein source containing all 9 essential amino acids in adequate proportions. Animal proteins are complete; most plant proteins require combining.

Conditionally essential amino acid: Normally produced by the body but required from diet during illness, injury, or growth (e.g., glutamine, arginine).

Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM): A wearable device measuring interstitial glucose continuously. Useful for diabetes management and personalized nutrition research.

Cortisol: A glucocorticoid hormone released during stress that increases blood glucose and catabolism.

Creatine monohydrate: The most-proven sports supplement; increases phosphocreatine stores, supporting short-burst power. Kreider et al., 2017, JISSN.

D

DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension): An evidence-based dietary pattern emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins; validated for blood pressure reduction. Sacks et al., 2001, NEJM.

DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry): The clinical gold standard for body composition measurement; provides bone density, lean mass, and fat mass.

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid): A long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found primarily in fatty fish; critical for brain health.

DIAAS (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score): The FAO-adopted gold-standard metric for protein quality, measured at the ileal level. Replaces PDCAAS. Scores above 100 indicate excellent quality. FAO, 2013.

Dietary fiber: Non-digestible plant carbohydrate. Soluble fiber lowers LDL; insoluble fiber aids transit.

DRI (Dietary Reference Intake): The umbrella term for nutrient reference values in the US/Canada, including RDA, AI, UL.

Doubly-labeled water (DLW): The gold-standard research method for measuring free-living energy expenditure; demonstrated that most adults underreport intake by 30–50%.

E

Eicosanoids: Signaling lipids derived from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids; regulate inflammation.

Electrolyte: Minerals carrying electrical charge in body fluids. Key electrolytes: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride.

Energy balance: The relationship between calories consumed and expended. Surplus drives weight gain; deficit drives weight loss.

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid): A long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish; reduces inflammation.

Essential amino acid: An amino acid the body cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet. Nine total: leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan.

Essential fatty acid: Fatty acid the body cannot synthesize. Two essential: linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3).

Estrobolome: The aggregate of gut microbiota that metabolizes estrogens. Relevant to menopausal metabolic health.

EuroFIR (European Food Information Resource): The European equivalent of USDA FoodData Central; reference for European food composition.

EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People): The consensus body that publishes the clinical definition of sarcopenia.

F

Fat (dietary): A macronutrient providing 9 kcal/g. Includes saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats.

FDA (Food and Drug Administration): The US regulatory body overseeing food safety, labeling, and supplement claims.

Flavonoid: A class of plant polyphenols with antioxidant properties (e.g., quercetin, catechins).

FODMAP: Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols. A group of carbohydrates that can trigger IBS symptoms.

Folate (vitamin B9): A B-vitamin critical for DNA synthesis and methylation. Deficiency can cause macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects.

Fortification: The addition of vitamins or minerals to food. Common examples: iodine in salt, vitamin D in milk, folic acid in grains.

G

Ghrelin: The primary hunger hormone, produced in the stomach. Elevated during sleep restriction and caloric deficit.

Gluconeogenesis: The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (e.g., amino acids, lactate) in the liver.

Glucose: The primary blood sugar; the body's main short-term energy substrate.

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1): An incretin hormone that enhances satiety and insulin release. GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide) mimic this hormone for diabetes and obesity treatment.

Glutamine: An amino acid abundant in muscle; often supplemented but with limited evidence for benefit beyond specific clinical contexts.

Glycemic Index (GI): A 0–100 scale ranking foods by blood glucose response vs pure glucose. Low ≤55, medium 56–69, high ≥70.

Glycemic Load (GL): GI adjusted for typical serving size (GI × carbs per serving / 100). More clinically relevant than GI alone.

Glycogen: The storage form of glucose in liver and muscle; depleted during prolonged exercise.

Gout: A form of arthritis caused by elevated uric acid. Triggered by high purine intake, fructose, alcohol.

H

HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin): A blood test reflecting average glucose over the previous 3 months. Diabetes diagnosis: ≥6.5%.

HDL (high-density lipoprotein): "Good cholesterol" that transports cholesterol to the liver for excretion.

Heme iron: The iron form in animal tissues; 2–3× more bioavailable than non-heme iron.

Hunger hormone: Primarily ghrelin; secondarily neuropeptide Y.

Hyperlipidemia: Elevated blood lipids (LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol). A major cardiovascular risk factor.

Hypertension: High blood pressure, systolic ≥130 mmHg or diastolic ≥80 mmHg.

Hypertrophy: Increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area. The goal of most resistance training programs.

I

IF (Intermittent Fasting): An eating pattern restricting food intake to a specific time window. Common patterns: 16:8, 5:2, alternate-day.

IIFYM (If It Fits Your Macros): A flexible dieting approach prioritizing macro targets over specific food choices.

Incretin: Gut-derived hormone that stimulates insulin release. GLP-1 is the best-known.

Indirect calorimetry: A clinical method of measuring metabolic rate via gas exchange.

Inflammation (chronic low-grade): Sustained mild immune activation associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.

Insoluble fiber: Fiber that does not dissolve in water; adds bulk and speeds transit.

Insulin: A pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake.

Insulin resistance: Reduced cellular response to insulin; a precursor to type 2 diabetes.

IOM (Institute of Medicine): The US advisory body (now part of the National Academy of Sciences) that publishes DRI reports.

ISSN (International Society of Sports Nutrition): A peer-reviewed scientific society publishing sports nutrition position stands.

K

Keto diet (ketogenic diet): Very-low-carbohydrate diet (<50g/day) inducing nutritional ketosis. Effective for epilepsy; widely used for weight loss.

Ketone body: Water-soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetone) produced during carbohydrate restriction.

Ketosis (nutritional): A metabolic state with elevated blood ketones (0.5–3 mmol/L) from carbohydrate restriction.

kcal (kilocalorie): The unit used in nutrition labeling; 1 kcal = 1,000 calories in scientific terms.

L

LDL (low-density lipoprotein): Cholesterol-transporting lipoprotein; elevated LDL increases cardiovascular risk.

Lean body mass: Total body mass minus fat mass. Includes muscle, bone, organs, and water.

Leptin: The satiety hormone produced by adipose tissue. Declines during weight loss, driving increased hunger.

Leucine: The BCAA most responsible for triggering muscle protein synthesis. The "leucine threshold" per meal is ~2.5–3g.

Longevity: The science of lifespan extension and healthspan optimization; closely tied to nutrition and body composition.

M

Macronutrient (macro): One of three energy-providing nutrient classes: protein, carbohydrate, fat.

MATADOR protocol: An intermittent energy restriction approach (2 weeks deficit + 2 weeks maintenance) shown to produce 47% more weight loss than continuous restriction. Byrne et al., 2017.

Mediterranean diet: A dietary pattern emphasizing olive oil, fish, whole grains, and legumes. Strongest evidence base of any diet for cardiovascular prevention. Estruch et al., 2018, NEJM (PREDIMED).

Metabolic adaptation: See adaptive thermogenesis.

Metabolic syndrome: A cluster of conditions (abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance) increasing cardiovascular and diabetes risk.

Micronutrient: A vitamin or mineral required in small amounts for normal function.

Mifflin-St Jeor equation: The gold-standard RMR estimation equation. Mifflin et al., 1990, AJCN.

Monounsaturated fat (MUFA): A fat with one double bond; found in olive oil, avocado, nuts. Generally cardiovascular-neutral or protective.

MPS (Muscle Protein Synthesis): The anabolic process by which muscle tissue is built. Stimulated by protein ingestion and resistance training.

N

NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease): Fat accumulation in the liver not caused by alcohol; associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

NEAT (Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis): Calories burned outside structured exercise. Varies by ~2,000 kcal/day between individuals.

NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey): The ongoing US population survey providing epidemiological data.

Non-essential amino acid: An amino acid the body can synthesize from other compounds.

Non-heme iron: The iron form in plants. Less bioavailable than heme iron; absorption enhanced by vitamin C.

NOVA classification: A 4-tier food processing system developed by Monteiro et al. Categorizes foods from unprocessed to ultra-processed.

O

Obesity: Clinically defined as BMI ≥30. Associated with increased cardiovascular, diabetes, and all-cause mortality risk.

Omega-3 fatty acids: Polyunsaturated fats including EPA, DHA, and ALA. Anti-inflammatory; found in fatty fish, flaxseed, walnuts.

Omega-6 fatty acids: Polyunsaturated fats including linoleic acid; pro-inflammatory in excess. Common in seed oils.

Orthorexia: A pattern of obsessive focus on "clean" or "healthy" eating, sometimes reaching clinical disorder status.

Oxidative stress: Imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants; implicated in aging and chronic disease.

P

PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score): An older protein quality metric capped at 1.00; being replaced by DIAAS.

Peptide: A short chain of amino acids (<50); longer chains are proteins.

Phytochemical: A plant-derived compound with bioactive properties (e.g., polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates).

Phytate (phytic acid): A plant compound that binds minerals and reduces their absorption.

Plant-based diet: A dietary pattern emphasizing plant foods; may or may not exclude animal products entirely.

Polyunsaturated fat (PUFA): Fats with multiple double bonds; includes omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Prebiotic: Non-digestible fiber that feeds beneficial gut bacteria. Examples: inulin, FOS.

Probiotic: Live beneficial bacteria. Found in fermented foods and supplements.

Protein: A macronutrient providing 4 kcal/g and essential amino acids. Required for muscle, enzymes, hormones, immune function.

PROT-AGE Study Group: The international panel that published the 2013 consensus recommendations on protein intake for older adults. Bauer et al., 2013, JAMDA.

Purine: A nitrogen-containing compound metabolized to uric acid. High intake increases gout risk.

R

RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial): The gold-standard research design for testing interventions.

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance): The intake sufficient to meet 97–98% of population needs. Part of the DRI framework.

RDN (Registered Dietitian Nutritionist): A credentialed nutrition professional. US requires specific education, supervised practice, and exam.

Resistance training: Exercise using external resistance to build strength and muscle. Foundational for body composition and longevity.

RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate): Calories burned at rest; approximately 60–70% of TDEE. See BMR (technically more restrictive).

S

Sarcopenia: Age-related loss of muscle mass and function. Defined by EWGSOP. Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2019, Age and Ageing.

Saturated fat: A fat with no double bonds; primarily from animal sources and some tropical oils.

Satiety: The feeling of fullness that ends eating. Driven by protein, fiber, volume, and hormonal signaling.

Satiety Index: A scale ranking foods by fullness per 240 kcal vs white bread (=100). Holt et al., 1995, EJCN.

Serotonin: A neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and appetite. Synthesized from tryptophan.

Soluble fiber: Fiber that dissolves in water, forms gel; lowers LDL and slows digestion.

Sugar: Simple carbohydrates including glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose. "Added sugar" refers to sugars not naturally present.

T

TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure): Total calories burned in a day. Sum of RMR, NEAT, TEF, and exercise activity.

TEF (Thermic Effect of Food): Calories burned digesting and processing food. Approximately 25–30% for protein, 5–10% for carbs, 0–3% for fat.

Trans fat: An industrially produced fat with elevated cardiovascular risk; largely banned in developed countries by 2020.

Triglyceride: A fat storage molecule composed of glycerol + 3 fatty acids. Blood levels measured in lipid panels.

Tryptophan: An essential amino acid and precursor to serotonin and melatonin.

U

UL (Upper Limit / Tolerable Upper Intake Level): The maximum daily nutrient intake unlikely to cause adverse effects. Part of DRI framework.

Ultra-processed food (UPF): Category 4 in the NOVA classification; associated with overconsumption and poorer cardiometabolic outcomes. Hall et al., 2019, Cell Metabolism.

Uric acid: Metabolic end-product of purines. Elevated levels cause gout.

USDA FoodData Central: The U.S. Department of Agriculture's comprehensive food composition database.

V

Vegan: Excludes all animal products including dairy and eggs.

Vegetarian: Excludes meat and fish; may include dairy (lacto) and/or eggs (ovo).

Visceral fat: Abdominal fat surrounding internal organs; more metabolically dangerous than subcutaneous fat.

Vitamin: An organic compound required in small amounts. 13 essential vitamins: A, C, D, E, K, and B complex (8 members).

Volumetrics: A dietary approach emphasizing low-calorie-density foods for satiety per calorie. Rolls & Barnett, 2000.

W

Whey protein: A fast-digesting dairy protein with the highest DIAAS of common protein sources. Available in concentrate, isolate, and hydrolysate forms.

Whole food: An unprocessed or minimally processed food in its natural form.

Whole grain: A grain containing all parts of the kernel (bran, germ, endosperm). Provides more fiber and micronutrients than refined grains.

Z

Zinc: A mineral critical for immune function, wound healing, and protein synthesis. Deficiency common in ~15–20% of US adults.

Zonulin: A protein regulating intestinal permeability; elevated in some gut conditions but clinical relevance debated.

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Cross-Reference: Terms by Category

Macronutrients

Amino acid · BCAA · Carbohydrate · Complete protein · DIAAS · EAA · Fat · Fatty acid · Fiber · Glucose · Glycogen · Leucine · Monounsaturated fat · Omega-3 · Omega-6 · PDCAAS · Polyunsaturated fat · Protein · Saturated fat · Sugar · Trans fat · Whey protein

Metabolism

Adaptive thermogenesis · Atwater system · Basal metabolic rate · BMR · Calorie · Energy balance · Gluconeogenesis · Ketosis · kcal · Metabolic adaptation · Mifflin-St Jeor · NEAT · RMR · TDEE · TEF · Thermogenesis

Body composition

Anthropometry · BIA · BMI · BodPod · DEXA · Lean body mass · Sarcopenia · Visceral fat

Hormones

Cortisol · Ghrelin · GLP-1 · Incretin · Insulin · Leptin · Serotonin

Glycemic concepts

Glycemic Index · Glycemic Load · HbA1c · Insulin resistance · Ketone body · Ketosis

Clinical/medical

CKD · Diabetes · Gout · HDL · Hyperlipidemia · Hypertension · LDL · Metabolic syndrome · NAFLD · Obesity · Triglyceride · Uric acid

Food composition & processing

ANDI · DRI · EuroFIR · Fortification · NOVA · RDA · UL · Ultra-processed food · USDA FoodData Central

Supplements & sports nutrition

Beta-alanine · Casein · Creatine · Electrolyte · Glutamine · ISSN · Leucine · MPS · Whey protein

Dietary patterns

DASH · Intermittent fasting · Keto · Mediterranean · PREDIMED · Plant-based · Vegan · Vegetarian · Volumetrics · Whole food

Micronutrients

ALA · DHA · EPA · Folate · Heme iron · Micronutrient · Non-heme iron · Omega-3 · Omega-6 · Vitamin · Zinc

Research concepts

Doubly-labeled water · Indirect calorimetry · IOM · ISSN · NHANES · RCT

Sensory/behavioral

Orthorexia · Phytochemical · Probiotic · Satiety · Satiety Index

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How Nutrola Uses This Glossary

Nutrola is an AI-powered nutrition tracking app that integrates this terminology throughout the user experience:

Feature	Glossary Integration
In-app definitions	Every technical term hyperlinks to its glossary entry
Database classification	Foods tagged with NOVA category, DIAAS score, GI/GL
Body composition tracking	DEXA and bioimpedance measurements supported
Micronutrient monitoring	12+ nutrients tracked against RDA
Research-informed guidance	Aligned with peer-reviewed definitions

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References (Key Terms)

• Atwater, W.O., & Bryant, A.P. (1899). The Availability and Fuel Value of Food Materials. USDA.
• Bauer, J., et al. (2013). "PROT-AGE position paper." JAMDA, 14(8), 542–559.
• Byrne, N.M., et al. (2017). "MATADOR study." International Journal of Obesity.
• Cruz-Jentoft, A.J., et al. (2019). "Sarcopenia: revised European consensus." Age and Ageing, 48(1), 16–31.
• Estruch, R., et al. (2018). "PREDIMED." New England Journal of Medicine, 378, e34.
• FAO (2013). Dietary Protein Quality Evaluation in Human Nutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization.
• Fothergill, E., et al. (2016). "Biggest Loser." Obesity, 24(8), 1612–1619.
• Hall, K.D., et al. (2019). "Ultra-processed foods cause excess calorie intake." Cell Metabolism, 30(1), 67–77.
• Holt, S.H., et al. (1995). "A satiety index of common foods." EJCN, 49(9), 675–690.
• Kreider, R.B., et al. (2017). "ISSN creatine position stand." JISSN, 14, 18.
• Mifflin, M.D., et al. (1990). "A new predictive equation for REE." AJCN, 51(2), 241–247.
• Moore, D.R., et al. (2015). "Protein ingestion in older adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 70(1), 57–62.
• Morton, R.W., et al. (2018). "Protein meta-analysis." BJSM, 52(6), 376–384.
• Sacks, F.M., et al. (2001). "DASH." NEJM, 344(1), 3–10.
• USDA FoodData Central (2024–2025 release). fdc.nal.usda.gov

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Apply These Concepts in Daily Tracking

Nutrola translates the glossary above into actionable daily tracking. When the app shows "DIAAS 125" for a protein source or "Glycemic Load 8" for a meal, you know exactly what those numbers mean — and can make informed decisions instead of blindly following apps that hide the science.

Start with Nutrola — AI-powered nutrition tracking aligned with evidence-based nutrition science. Zero ads across all tiers. Starting at €2.5/month.